Getting Data From the Request Object
from django.http import HttpResponse
def hello(request):
return HttpResponse("Hello world")
| Attribute/method | Description | Example |
|---|
| request.path | The full path, not including the domain but including the leading slash. | "/hello/" |
| request.get_host() | The host (i.e., the “domain,” in common parlance). | "127.0.0.1:8000" or"www.example.com" |
| request.get_full_path() | The path, plus a query string (if available). | "/hello/?print=true" |
| request.is_secure() | True if the request was made via HTTPS. Otherwise,False. | True or False |
request.META
HTTP_REFERER – The referring URL, if any. (Note the misspelling of REFERER.) <Referer os a common misspelling of the word referrer. so common, in fact. that it made it into the official specification of HTTP>
HTTP_USER_AGENT – The user’s browser’s user-agent string, if any. This looks something like:"Mozilla/5.0 (X11; U; Linux i686; fr-FR; rv:1.8.1.17) Gecko/20080829 Firefox/2.0.0.17".
REMOTE_ADDR – The IP address of the client, e.g., "12.345.67.89". (If the request has passed through any proxies, then this might be a comma-separated list of IP addresses, e.g., "12.345.67.89,23.456.78.90".)
def ua_display_good1(request):
try:
ua = request.META['HTTP_USER_AGENT']
except KeyError:
ua = 'unknown'
return HttpResponse("Your browser is %s" % ua)
request.GET and request.POST [diction-like object]
Simple web search
from django.http import HttpResponse
from django.shortcuts import render_to_response
from mysite.books.models import Book
def search(request):
if 'q' in request.GET and request.GET['q']:
q = request.GET['q']
books = Book.objects.filter(title__icontains=q)
return render_to_response('search_results.html',
{'books': books, 'query': q})
else:
return HttpResponse('Please submit a search term.')
More Elegant Solution: One Layer less
(no more def search_from(request):
return render_to_response('search_form.html')
no more ('r^search_form/$', views.search_form)
(r'^search/$', views.search)
def search(request):
errors = []
if 'q' in request.GET:
q = request.GET['q']
if not q:
errors.append('Enter a search term.')
elif len(q) > 20:
errors.append('Please enter at most 20 characters.')
else:
books = Book.objects.filter(title__icontains=q)
return render_to_response('search_results.html',
{'books': books, 'query': q})
return render_to_response('search_form.html',
{'errors': errors})
<form action="" method="get">
<html>
<head>
<title>Search</title>
</head>
<body>
{% if errors %}
<ul>
{% for error in errors %}
<li>{{ error }}</li>
{% endfor %}
</ul>
{% endif %}
<form action="/search/" method="get">
<input type="text" name="q">
<input type="submit" value="Search">
</form>
</body>
</html>
CONTACT FORM
from django.core.mail import send_mail
from django.http import HttpResponseRedirect
from django.shortcuts import render_to_response
def contact(request):
errors = []
if request.method == 'POST':
if not request.POST.get('subject', ''):
errors.append('Enter a subject.')
if not request.POST.get('message', ''):
errors.append('Enter a message.')
if request.POST.get('email') and '@' not in request.POST['email']:
errors.append('Enter a valid e-mail address.')
if not errors:
send_mail(
request.POST['subject'],
request.POST['message'],
request.POST.get('email', 'noreply@example.com'),
['siteowner@example.com'],
)
return HttpResponseRedirect('/contact/thanks/')
return render_to_response('contact_form.html',
{'errors': errors})
HttpResponseRedirect
If the user is redirected to another page after the POST, then there’s no chance of repeating the request.
FROM CLASS
from django import forms
class ContactForm(forms.Form):
subject = forms.CharField()
email = forms.EmailField(required=False)
message = forms.CharField()
>>> from contact.forms import ContactForm
>>> f = ContactForm()
>>> print f
<tr><th><label for="id_subject">Subject:</label></th><td><input type="text" name="subject" id="id_subject" /></td></tr>
<tr><th><label for="id_email">Email:</label></th><td><input type="text" name="email" id="id_email" /></td></tr>
<tr><th><label for="id_message">Message:</label></th><td><input type="text" name="message" id="
>>> print f.as_ul()
<li><label for="id_subject">Subject:</label> <input type="text" name="subject" id="id_subject" /></li>
<li><label for="id_email">Email:</label> <input type="text" name="email" id="id_email" /></li>
<li><label for="id_message">Message:</label> <input type="text" name="message" id="id_message" /></li>
>>> print f.as_p()
<p><label for="id_subject">Subject:</label> <input type="text" name="subject" id="id_subject" /></p>
<p><label for="id_email">Email:</label> <input type="text" name="email" id="id_email" /></p>
<p><label for="id_message">Message:</label> <input type="text" name="message" id="id_message" /></p>
Most elegant solution
# views.py
from django.shortcuts import render_to_response
from mysite.contact.forms import ContactForm
def contact(request):
if request.method == 'POST':
form = ContactForm(request.POST)
if form.is_valid():
cd = form.cleaned_data
send_mail(
cd['subject'],
cd['message'],
cd.get('email', 'noreply@example.com'),
['siteowner@example.com'],
)
return HttpResponseRedirect('/contact/thanks/')
else:
form = ContactForm()
return render_to_response('contact_form.html', {'form': form})
# contact_form.html
<html>
<head>
<title>Contact us</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>Contact us</h1>
{% if form.errors %}
<p style="color: red;">
Please correct the error{{ form.errors|pluralize }} below. #cannot have space around |
</p>
{% endif %}
<form action="" method="post">
<table>
{{ form.as_table }}
</table>
<input type="submit" value="Submit">
</form>
</body>
</html>
--------------------------------------------------------------------------s
403 Forbidden
CSRF verification failed. Request aborted.
More information is available with DEBUG=True.
-------------------------------------------------------------------------
in the views.py
from django.template import RequestContext
return render_to_response('contact_form.html', {'form': form}, context_instance=RequestContext(request))
in the template html: <form action="" method="post">{% csrf_token %}
CSS and Django <<< access the attribute in form one by one instead of form.as_table
<html>
<head>
<title>Contact us</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>Contact us</h1>
{% if form.errors %}
<p style="color: red;">
Please correct the error{{ form.errors|pluralize }} below.
</p>
{% endif %}
<form action="" method="post">
<div class="field">
{{ form.subject.errors }}
<label for="id_subject">Subject:</label>
{{ form.subject }}
</div>
<div class="field">
{{ form.email.errors }}
<label for="id_email">Your e-mail address:</label>
{{ form.email }}
</div>
<div class="field">
{{ form.message.errors }}
<label for="id_message">Message:</label>
{{ form.message }}
</div>
<input type="submit" value="Submit">
</form>
</body>
</html>
{{ form.message.errors }} displays a <ul class="errorlist"> if errors are present and a blank string if the field is valid (or the form is unbound). We can also treat form.message.errors as a Boolean or even iterate over it as a list. For example:
<div class="field{% if form.message.errors %} errors{% endif %}">
{% if form.message.errors %}
<ul>
{% for error in form.message.errors %}
<li><strong>{{ error }}</strong></li>
{% endfor %}
</ul>
{% endif %}
<label for="id_message">Message:</label>
{{ form.message }}
</div>
In the case of validation errors, this will add an “errors” class to the containing <div> and display the list of errors in an unordered list.
done
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