Streamline
URL (?P<num>\d+) always STRING
from django.conf.urls.defaults import *
from mysite import views
urlpatterns = patterns('',
(r'^hello/$', views.hello),
(r'^time/$', views.current_datetime),
(r'^time/plus/(d{1,2})/$', views.hours_ahead),
)
Advantages of the function object approach are as follows:
- It allows for easy “wrapping” of view functions. See the section “Wrapping View Functions” later in this chapter.
- It’s more “Pythonic” – that is, it’s more in line with Python traditions, such as passing functions as objects.
from django.conf.urls.defaults import *
urlpatterns = patterns('',
(r'^hello/$', 'mysite.views.hello'),
(r'^time/$', 'mysite.views.current_datetime'),
(r'^time/plus/(\d{1,2})/$', 'mysite.views.hours_ahead'),
(r'^tag/(\w+)/$', 'weblog.views.tag'),
)
from django.conf import settings
from django.conf.urls.defaults import *
from mysite import views
urlpatterns = patterns('',
(r'^$', views.homepage),
(r'^(\d{4})/([a-z]{3})/$', views.archive_month),
)
if settings.DEBUG:
urlpatterns += patterns('',
(r'^debuginfo/$', views.debug),
)
named regular expression
(?P<name>pattern)
from django.conf.urls.defaults import *
from mysite import views
urlpatterns = patterns('',
(r'^articles/(\d{4})/$', views.year_archive),
(r'^articles/(\d{4})/(\d{2})/$', views.month_archive),
)
Here’s the same URLconf, rewritten to use named groups:
from django.conf.urls.defaults import *
from mysite import views
urlpatterns = patterns('',
(r'^articles/(?P<year>\d{4})/$', views.year_archive),
(r'^articles/(?P<year>\d{4})/(?P<month>\d{2})/$', views.month_archive),
)
Passing Extra Options to View Functions (Dictionary)
more information for View Function
# urls.py
from django.conf.urls.defaults import *
from mysite import views
urlpatterns = patterns('',
(r'^foo/$', views.foobar_view, {'template_name': 'template1.html'}),
(r'^bar/$', views.foobar_view, {'template_name': 'template2.html'}),
)
# views.py
from django.shortcuts import render_to_response
from mysite.models import MyModel
def foobar_view(request, template_name):
m_list = MyModel.objects.filter(is_new=True)
return render_to_response(template_name, {'m_list': m_list})
/mydata/jan/01/
/mydata/jan/02/
/mydata/jan/03/
# ...
/mydata/dec/30/
/mydata/dec/31/
urlpatterns = patterns('',
(r'^mydata/birthday/$', views.my_view, {'month': 'jan', 'day': '06'}),
(r'^mydata/(?P<month>\w{3})/(?P<day>\d\d)/$', views.my_view),
)
you might want to add another URL, /mydata/birthday/, which would be equivalent to /mydata/jan/06/. You can take advantage of extra URLconf options like so
The cool thing here is that you don’t have to change your view function at all. The view function only cares that it getsmonth and day parameters – it doesn’t matter whether they come from the URL capturing itself or extra parameters.
[Loose coupling]
Generic View
keep the common stuffs, abstract the different stuffs
MODELS become irrelevant
# urls.py
from django.conf.urls.defaults import *
from mysite import models, views
urlpatterns = patterns('',
(r'^events/$', views.object_list, {'model': models.Event}),
(r'^blog/entries/$', views.object_list, {'model': models.BlogEntry}),
)
# views.py
from django.shortcuts import render_to_response
def object_list(request, model):
obj_list = model.objects.all()
template_name = 'mysite/%s_list.html' % model.__name__.lower()
return render_to_response(template_name, {'object_list': obj_list})
Configurable View Function
def my_view(request, template_name):
var = do_something()
return render_to_response(template_name, {'var': var})
def my_view(request, template_name='mysite/my_view.html'):
var = do_something()
return render_to_response(template_name, {'var': var})
Special-casing View
urlpatterns = patterns('',
# ...
('^auth/user/add/$', views.user_add_stage),
('^([^/]+)/([^/]+)/add/$', views.add_stage),
# ...
)
All is String
# urls.py
from django.conf.urls.defaults import *
from mysite import views
urlpatterns = patterns('',
(r'^articles/(\d{4})/(\d{2})/(\d{2})/$', views.day_archive),
)
def day_archive(request, year, month, day):
date = datetime.date(int(year), int(month), int(day))
No worry of Exception
Note that int() itself raises a ValueError when you pass it a string that is not composed solely of digits, but we’re avoiding that error in this case because the regular expression in our URLconf has ensured that
only strings containing digits are passed to the view function (\d{2}).
Higher-Level Abstractions of View Functions
from django.http import Http404, HttpResponseRedirect
from django.shortcuts import render_to_response
def some_page(request):
if request.method == 'POST':
do_something_for_post()
return HttpResponseRedirect('/someurl/')
elif request.method == 'GET':
do_something_for_get()
return render_to_response('page.html')
else:
raise Http404()
Passing by view function name
# views.py
from django.http import Http404, HttpResponseRedirect
from django.shortcuts import render_to_response
def method_splitter(request, GET=None, POST=None):
if request.method == 'GET' and GET is not None:
return GET(request)
elif request.method == 'POST' and POST is not None:
return POST(request)
raise Http404
def some_page_get(request):
assert request.method == 'GET'
do_something_for_get()
return render_to_response('page.html')
def some_page_post(request):
assert request.method == 'POST'
do_something_for_post()
return HttpResponseRedirect('/someurl/')
# urls.py
from django.conf.urls.defaults import *
from mysite import views
urlpatterns = patterns('',
# ...
(r'^somepage/$', views.method_splitter, {'GET': views.some_page_get, 'POST': views.some_page_post}),
# ...
)
def method_splitter(request, *args, **kwargs):
get_view = kwargs.pop('GET', None)
post_view = kwargs.pop('POST', None) #default none
if request.method == 'GET' and get_view is not None:
return get_view(request, *args, **kwargs)
elif request.method == 'POST' and post_view is not None:
return post_view(request, *args, **kwargs)
raise Http404
*: tuple
**: dictionary
Wrapping View Function
What is it??
def my_view1(request):
if not request.user.is_authenticated():
return HttpResponseRedirect('/accounts/login/')
# ...
return render_to_response('template1.html')
def my_view2(request):
if not request.user.is_authenticated():
return HttpResponseRedirect('/accounts/login/')
# ...
return render_to_response('template2.html')
def my_view3(request):
if not request.user.is_authenticated():
return HttpResponseRedirect('/accounts/login/')
# ...
return render_to_response('template3.html')
def requires_login(view):
def new_view(request, *args, **kwargs):
if not request.user.is_authenticated():
return HttpResponseRedirect('/accounts/login/')
return view(request, *args, **kwargs)
return new_view #return the new view name (namespace) ->to be used by urlpattern
This function, requires_login, takes a
view function (view) and
returns a new view function (new_view). The new function,new_view is defined within requires_login and handles the logic of checking request.user.is_authenticated() and
delegating to the original view (view).
Now, we can remove the if not request.user.is_authenticated() checks from our views and simply wrap them withrequires_login in our URLconf:
from django.conf.urls.defaults import *
from mysite.views import requires_login, my_view1, my_view2, my_view3
urlpatterns = patterns('',
(r'^view1/$', requires_login(my_view1)),
(r'^view2/$', requires_login(my_view2)),
(r'^view3/$', requires_login(my_view3)),
)
This has the same effect as before, but with less code redundancy. Now we’ve created a nice, generic function –requires_login() that we can wrap around any view in order to make it require login.
BEAUTIFUL
include()
across project
from django.conf.urls.defaults import *
urlpatterns = patterns('',
(r'^weblog/', include('mysite.blog.urls')),
(r'^photos/', include('mysite.photos.urls')),
(r'^about/$', 'mysite.views.about'),
)
from django.conf.urls.defaults import *
urlpatterns = patterns('',
(r'^(\d\d\d\d)/$', 'mysite.blog.views.year_detail'),
(r'^(\d\d\d\d)/(\d\d)/$', 'mysite.blog.views.month_detail'),
)
done
done
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